American Shadows

— Episode Sources —

Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 25: Freedom

  1. “Freedom for Jenny Slew,” Historic Ipswich, https://historicipswich.org/2018/11/22/freedom-for-jenny-slew/.

  2. Anita Rupprecht, “All We Have Done, We Have Done for Freedom”: The Creole Slave-Ship Revolt (1841) and the Revolutionary Atlantic,” International Review of Social History 58, SPECIAL ISSUE 21: Mutiny and Maritime Radicalism in the Age of Revolution: A Global Survey (2013), pp. 253-277.

  3. Edward Jervey and C. Harold Huber, “The Creole Affair,” The Journal of Negro History, 65.3 (1980), pp, 196-211.

  4. Walter Johnson, “White lies: Human property and domestic slavery aboard the slave ship Creole,” Atlantic Studies 5.2  (2008), pp. 237-263.

  5. On Madison Washington’s life before the Creole (for the intro): William Wells Brown, “Madison Washington,” The Black Man, His Antecedents, His Genius and His Achievements (1862).

  6. George and Willene Hendrick, The Creole Mutiny (Ivan R Dee 2003).

  7. Howard Jones, “The Peculiar Institution and National Honor: The Case of the Creole Slave Revolt,” Civil War History 21.1 (1975), pp. 28–50.

  8. Joseph T. Murphy, “The British Example West Indian Emancipation, the Freedom Principle, and the Rise of Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1833–1843,” Journal of the Civil War Era, 8.4 (DECEMBER 2018), pp. 621-646.

  9.  Phillip Troutman, “Grapvine in the Slave Market: African American Geopolitical Literacy and the 1841 Creole Revolt,” The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas, edited by Walter Johson (YaleUP 2004).

  10. Michael Paul Wlliams, “Brig Creole Slaves,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, 11 Feb 2002, https://richmond.com/special-section/black-history/brig-creole-slaves/article_11391522-9222-5006-95eb-c1db7f61f9b4.html.

  11. TriPod, “Solidarity and Revolt Aboard the Slave Ship Creole,” https://tripodnola.org/episodes/solidarity-and-revolt-aboard-the-slave-ship-creole/ .

  12. Matthew Karp, This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy (HarvardUP 2016).

  13. “Solidarity And Revolt Aboard The Slave Ship Creole,” Tripod, https://tripodnola.org/episodes/solidarity-and-revolt-aboard-the-slave-ship-creole/.

  14. “Brig Creole Slaves,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 11 2002, https://richmond.com/special-section/black-history/brig-creole-slaves/article_11391522-9222-5006-95eb-c1db7f61f9b4.html.

  15. “Madison Washington, William Wells Brown (1814–1884),” Story of the Week, February 21 2014, https://storyoftheweek.loa.org/2014/02/madison-washington.html.

  16. “Madison Washington: The real life Django who escaped slavery twice during the 1800s,” Face to Face Africa, September 12 2018, https://face2faceafrica.com/article/madison-washington-the-real-life-django-who-escaped-slavery-twice-during-the-1800s.

  17. “Embodying the Octoroon: Abolitionist Performance at the London Crystal Palace, 1851,” Nineteenth Century Art Worldwide, https://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/summer16/volpe-on-abolitionist-performance-at-the-london-crystal-palace-1851#_ftn36.

  18. William W. Brown, American Fugitive in Europe: Sketches of Places and People Abroad, (1855).

  19. “The Financial Meltdown Of The New Orleans Slave Market,” Pacific Standard, https://psmag.com/economics/financial-meltdown-new-orleans-slave-market-69910.

  20. “The Creole Case,” Black Past, August 15, 2018 htpps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/creole-case-1841/.

  21. “This 1841 Rebellion at Sea Freed More Than 100 Enslaved People,” History.com October 27, 2020 https://www.history.com/news/creole-most-successful-slave-rebellion-1841.

  22. “Madison Washington: The real life Django who escaped slavery twice during the 1800s,” Face 2 Face Africa, https://face2faceafrica.com/article/madison-washington-the-real-life-django-who-escaped-slavery-twice-during-the-1800.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 24: Unsolved

  1. “The Impossible Murder of Joseph Bowne Elwell,” Criminal, 2019, https://vocal.media/criminal/the-impossible-murder-of-joseph-bowne-elwell.

  2. “Joseph Bowne “J. B.” Elwell,” Find a Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42762360/joseph-bowne-elwell.

  3. Tom Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings: the Murder of Chief Hennessy, the New Orleans "Mafia" Trials, and the Parish Prison Mob, (Lyons Pressan, an Imprint of The Globe Pequot Press, 2007). 

  4. Woodiwiss, Michael. Double Crossed: the Failure of Organized Crime Control, (Pluto Press, 2017). 24.

  5. “VENDETTA IN NEW ORLEANS,” American Heritage, https://web.archive.org/web/20090206174250/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1973/4/1973_4_65.shtml.

  6. “The Axeman of New Orleans Preyed on Italian Immigrants,” Smithsonian Magazine, February 15 2018, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/axeman-new-orleans-preyed-italian-immigrants-180968037/.

  7. “The Axeman of New Orleans,” Legends of America, November 2020, https://www.legendsofamerica.com/la-axeman/.

  8. Jäger, Daniela G. “The Worst ‘White Lynching’ in American History: Elites vs. Italians in New Orleans, 1891.” AAA: Arbeiten Aus Anglistik Und Amerikanistik, vol. 27, no. 2, (2002): pp. 161–179.

  9. JACKSON, JESSICA BARBATA. “Before the Lynching: Reconsidering the Experience of Italians and Sicilians in Louisiana, 1870s-1890s.” Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 58, no. 3, (2017): pp. 300–338.

  10.  Kurtz, Michael L. “Organized Crime in Louisiana History: Myth and Reality.” Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 24, no. 4, (1983): pp. 355–376. 

  11.  GAUTHREAUX, ALAN G. “An Inhospitable Land: Anti-Italian Sentiment and Violence in Louisiana, 1891-1924.” Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 51, no. 1, (2010): pp. 41–68. 

  12.  "Shot Down at His Door; The Chief of the New-Orleans Police Brutally Murdered," The New York Times, October 17 1890, p.1.

  13. "Crimes of the Mafias. The Suspected Assassins of Chief Hennessy," The New York Times, October 20, 1890, p.1.

  14. "Indictments Found at Last; The New-Orleans Grand Jury Acts on Chief Hennessy's Murder," The New York Times, November 22, 1890, p. 5.

  15. "Chief Hennessy Avenged; Eleven of His Italian Assassins Lynched by a Mob," The New York Times, March 15, 1891, p.1.

  16.  "Signor Corte's Farewell; His Story of the Lynching of the Italians," The New York Times, May 24, 1891, p. 1.

  17. “Joseph Maggio,” Pocket Insights, https://pocketsights.com/tours/place/Joseph-Maggio-19725.

  18. “The Impossible Murder of Joseph Bowne Elwell,” Criminal, https://vocal.media/criminal/the-impossible-murder-of-joseph-bowne-elwell.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 23: War of the Currents

  1. “Columbian Exposition Electricity Transformed America,” Racing Nellie Bly, October 7 2018, https://racingnelliebly.com/weirdscience/columbian-exposition-electricity-transformed-america/

  2. “The Rise and Fall of Nikola Tesla and his Tower,” Smithsonian Magazine, February 4 2013, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-rise-and-fall-of-nikola-tesla-and-his-tower-11074324/

  3. “Edison vs. Westinghouse: A Shocking Rivalry,” Smithsonian Magazine, October 11 2011, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/edison-vs-westinghouse-a-shocking-rivalry-102146036/

  4. “Edison, Westinghouse and Tesla: the history behind The Current War,” History Extra, March 2019, https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/edison-westinghouse-tesla-real-history-behind-the-current-war-film/.

  5. “Back Story: In late 1800s, New York City buried wires after a natural disaster,” Baltimore Sun, July 12 2012, https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/bs-xpm-2012-07-12-bs-md-backstory-underground-wires-20120712-story.html

  6. "Far Worse Than Hanging," The New York Times, August 7 1890, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/08/07/103256332.pdf

  7. “DEATH IN THE HOT SEAT A CENTURY OF ELECTROCUTIONS,” The Washington Post, August 5 1990, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1990/08/05/death-in-the-hot-seat-a-century-of-electrocutions/42629f1c-b96c-4128-83e8-7b659b7c3473.

  8. “When Thomas Edison Tried Besting Nikola Tesla by Building a "Spirit Phone,"” Mental Floss, October 25 2019, https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/602456/thomas-edison-nikola-tesla-spirit-phone.

  9. “Thomas Edison,” History, June 6 2019, https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison.

  10. “6 Key Inventions by Thomas Edison, History, March 6 2020, https://www.history.com/news/thomas-edison-inventions.

  11. “The History of the Light Bulb,” Energy.gov, November 22 2013, https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-light-bulb.

  12. “How Edison, Tesla and Westinghouse Battled to Electrify America,” History, October 24 2019, https://www.history.com/news/what-was-the-war-of-the-currents.

  13. “Nikola Tesla’s Struggle to Remain Relevant,” Smithsonian Magazine, April 25 2016, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/nikola-tesla-museum-belgrade-inventor-electricity-smithsonian-journeys-travel-quarterly-180958881/.

  14. “Myth Buster-Topsy the Elephant,” Rutgers School oof Arts & Sciences, October 28 2016, http://edison.rutgers.edu/topsy.htm#:~:text=Edison%20was%20prompted%20to%20conduct,dogs%20provided%20by%20the%20SPCA.

  15. “ Topsy the Elephant Was a Victim of Her Captors, Not Thomas Edison,” Smithsonian Magazine, January 4 2017, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/topsy-elephant-was-victim-her-captors-not-really-thomas-edison-180961611/

  16. “ The Westinghouse/Edison Rivalry - stray dogs, circus elephants, and getting Westinghoused,” Scientific American, December 5 2011, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/the-westinghouseedison-rivalry-stray-dogs-circus-elephants-and-getting-westinghoused/#:~:text=At%20his%20West%20Orange%20laboratory,quick%2C%20the%20committee%20was%20impressed.&text=When%20New%20York%20State%20sentenced,executed%20in%20an%20electric%20chair.

  17. “ The Undying Appeal of Nikola Tesla’s “Death Ray,”” Science History Institute, October 6 2020, https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/the-undying-appeal-of-nikola-teslas-death-ray.

  18. “ Thomas Edison, B.C. Forbes And The Mystery Of The Spirit Phone,” Forbes, October 25 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2019/10/25/thomas-edison-bc-forbes-mystery-spirit-phone/?sh=1c52288229ad.

  19. Atreyee Gupta, “The Disappearance of Louis Le Prince,” Materials Today, Volume 11, Issues 7-8, (2008): 56.

  20. “The Mystery of Louis Le Prince, The Father of Cinematography,” Science Media Museum, August 29 2013, https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/louis-le-prince-created-the-first-ever-moving-pictures/.

  21. “The War of the Currents: AC vs. DC Power,” The Department of Energy,https://www.energy.gov/articles/war-currents-ac-vs-dc-power.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 22: Divided

  1. “The lost neighborhood under New York’s Central Park,” Vox, January 20 2020, https://www.vox.com/2020/1/20/21070883/central-park-seneca-village

  2. “The Death of the Black Utopia,” New York Times, November 28 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/28/opinion/seneca-central-park-nyc.html

  3. “A Horrible Lynching,” Nebraska Studies, https://www.nebraskastudies.org/en/1900-1924/racial-tensions/a-horrible-lynching/

  4. “THE OMAHA COURTHOUSE LYNCHING OF 1919,” Black Past, January 22 2007, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/omaha-courthouse-lynching-1919/

  5. “The night thousands in Omaha lynched Will Brown and dragged his body through the streets,” Omaha World Herald, September 23 2019, https://omaha.com/news/crime/the-night-thousands-in-omaha-lynched-will-brown-and-dragged-his-body-through-the-streets/article_edd8cff6-df8b-563e-a081-62daf32eae12.html

  6. “Remembering ‘Red Summer,’ when white mobs massacred Blacks from Tulsa to D.C,” National Geographic, June 19 2020, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/remembering-red-summer-white-mobs-massacred-blacks-tulsa-dc

  7. “Red Summer of 1919: How Black WWI Vets Fought Back Against Racist Mobs,” July 26 2019, History.com, https://www.history.com/news/red-summer-1919-riots-chicago-dc-great-migration

  8. “The Great Migration, January 26 2021,” History.com, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration

  9. Ellsworth, Scott, Death in a Promised Land: the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, (Louisiana State Univ. Press, 2001), 62, 66. 

  10. Madigan, Tim, The Burning: Massacre, Destruction, and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, (St. Martin’s Publishing Group, 2016), 1.

  11. “Greenwood District,” Oklahoma Historical Society, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=GR024

  12. “The Story of Seneca Park,” Central Park Conservancy, https://www.centralparknyc.org/articles/seneca-village

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 21: Firestorm

  1. Drake, Samuel G. The History and Antiquities of Boston, the Capital of Massachusetts and Metropolis of New England, from Its Settlement in 1630, to the Year 1770: Also, a Introductory History of the Discovery and Settlement of New England, with Notes Critical and Illustrative. The Author, 1857.

  2. Sufferers from the Great Boston Fire of 1760, Boston 1775, http://boston1775.blogspot.com/2019/01/sufferers-from-great-boston-fire-of-1760.html

  3. March 20, 1760 Boston Burns, MassMoments, https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/boston-burns.html

  4. As coal still burns under Centralia, trash piles up above, The Philadelphia Inquirer, https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/centralia-coal-fire-mine-trash-cleanup-20171026.html

  5. This Mine Fire Has Been Burning For Over 50 Years, History.com, https://www.history.com/news/mine-fire-burning-more-50-years-ghost-town

  6. Pencak, William. “The Social Structure of Revolutionary Boston: Evidence from the Great Fire of 1760.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 10, no. 2, 1979, pp. 267–278. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/203337. Accessed 9 Feb. 2021.

  7. In the Early 19th Century, Firefighters Fought Fires … and Each Other, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/early-19-century-firefighters-fought-fires-each-other-180960391/

  8. Schorow, Stephanie. Boston on Fire: a History of Fires and Firefighting in Boston. Commonwealth Editions, 2008.

  9. Boston Fire Historical Society. Boston's Fire Trail. History Press, 2007.

  10. aThe Great Boston Fire of 1872, New england Historical Society, https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-great-boston-fire-of-1872/

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 20: Savvy

  1. “The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean,” Post and Courier, Nov 17, 2020. www.postandcourier.com/news/the-true-and-false-stories-of-anne-bonny-pirate-woman-of-the-caribbean/article_e7fc1e2c-101d-11e8-90b7-9fdf20ba62f8.html

  2. Rachel Wall, New England’s Only Lady Pirate, https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/rachel-wall-new-englands-only-lady-pirate/, New England Historical Society 

  3. 5 Notorious Female Pirates, https://www.history.com/news/5-notorious-female-pirates, History.com 

  4. The Last Days of Blackbeard An exclusive account of the final raid and political maneuvers of history’s most notorious pirate, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/last-days-blackbeard-180949440/, Smithsonian Magazine

  5. Konstam, Angus. Blackbeard: America's Most Notorious Pirate. Easton Press, 2007.

  6. The Female of the Species, Rudyard Kipling, 1911.

  7. If There’s a Man Among Ye: The Tale of Pirate Queens Anne Bonny and Mary Read, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/if-theres-a-man-among-ye-the-tale-of-pirate-queens-anne-bonny-and-mary-read-45576461/

  8. The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean, the Post and Courier, https://www.postandcourier.com/news/the-true-and-false-stories-of-anne-bonny-pirate-woman-of-the-caribbean/article_e7fc1e2c-101d-11e8-90b7-9fdf20ba62f8.html

  9. ANNE BONNY, Crime Museum, https://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/international-crimes/anne-bonny/

  10. The myth of breast-baring pirates, BBC, https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p07ddjbw/behind-the-myth-of-a-breast-baring-pirate

  11. Mary Read, Pirate, Historic UK, https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Mary-Read-Pirate

  12. Sparks of Genius: Pirates, Peg Legs and US Workers' Compensation Insurance, Axaxl, https://axaxl.com/fast-fast-forward/articles/sparks-of-genius_pirates-peg-legs-and-us-workers-compensation-insurance#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20most%20interesting,limb%2C%20by%20that%20voyage.%E2%80%9D

  13. TURNING THE TIDE AGAINST PIRACY IN AMERICA, Crime Reads, https://crimereads.com/turning-the-tide-against-piracy-in-america/#:~:text=The%20two%20years%20between%20April,history%20of%20piracy%20in%20America.&text=This%20period%20also%20marked%20the,plummet%20to%20an%20insignificant%20level.

  14. Did You Know: The US has a history of women pirates?, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/articles/dyk-women-pirates-in-the-usa.htm

  15. The Swashbuckling History of Women Pirates, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/swashbuckling-history-women-pirates-180962874/

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 19: Vindicated

  1. Why Madame X Scandalized the Art World, Artsy.net, https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-madame-scandalized-art.

  2. Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau) 1883–84, The Met, https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/20012492.

  3. Freedom for Jenny Slew, Historic Ipswich,

  4. https://historicipswich.org/2018/11/22/freedom-for-jenny-slew/.

  5. Miller, Patricia, Bringing down the Colonel: a Sex Scandal of the Gilded Age, and the "Powerless" Woman Who Took on Washington. (Sarah Crichton Books, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018).

  6. “Olivia de Havilland: The actress who took on the studio system and won,” Los Angeles Times, July 1, 2016. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-stipanowich-de-havilland--20160701-snap-story.html.

  7. “The Unprecedented Bravery of Olivia de Havilland,” The Atlantic, July 26, 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2020/07/olivia-de-havilland/608851/.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 18: Off Track

  1. Charles J. P. Lucas, The Olympic Games, 1904 (St. Louis, Mo: Woodward & Tieran Printing Co., 1905).

  2. Daniel M. Rosen, Dope: A History of Performance Enhancement in Sports From the Nineteenth Century to Today (Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2008).

  3. George R. Matthews, America’s First Olympics: The St. Louis Games of 1904 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005).

  4. James Gilbert, Whose Fair? Experience, Memory, and the History of the Great St. Louis Exposition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009).

  5. Jim Thorpe — Indiana Hoosier, Part 1, The Weekly View, http://weeklyview.net/2020/02/27/jim-thorpe-indiana-hoosier-part-1/.

  6. “Marathon Captivated Crowd at 1904 Olympics.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, (December 14, 2003).

  7. “Olympic-Sized Racism,” Slate, https://slate.com/culture/2008/08/remembering-the-anthropology-days-at-the-1904-olympics.html.

  8. “One Man’s Poison In a Brazen and Forgotten Incident of Doping.” Boston Globe, February 22, 2009.

  9. Pamela Cooper, The American Marathon (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1998).

  10. Piott, Steven L. Holy Joe: Joseph W. Folk and the Missouri Idea. (University of Missouri Press, 1997).

  11. Roller-coaster life of Indian icon, sports' first star, CNN, http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/07/09/jim.thorpe/

  12. Scientists staged a racist Olympics in 1904 to “prove” white superiority, Timeline, https://timeline.com/anthropology-days-scientists-racist-olympics-prove-white-superiority-7a45289071cf.

  13. Secrets, scandals, little-known stories of 1904 World's Fair, Stars & Stripes, https://www.stripes.com/news/us/secrets-scandals-little-known-stories-of-1904-world-s-fair-1.603722.

  14. “St. Louis Games Were Extremely Primitive By Today’s Standards.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 2004.

  15. The First Modern Olympics, History, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-modern-olympic-games.

  16. The Largest Human Zoo in World History, Laphams Quarterly, https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/largest-human-zoo-world-history 

  17. The Little-Known History of How the Modern Olympics Got Their Start, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-little-known-history-of-how-the-modern-olympics-got-their-start-138117709/.

  18. “The Olympics of 1904: Comedic, Disgraceful, and ‘Best Forgotten.” Wall Street Journal, (August 11, 2004).

  19. “The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever,” Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-1904-olympic-marathon-may-have-been-the-strangest-ever-14910747/.

  20. Thorpe preceded Deion, Bo, ESPN, http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016499.html.

  21. Walter Johnson, The Broken Heart of America: St. Louis and the Violent History of the United States (Basic Books, 2020).

  22. Why Are Jim Thorpe’s Olympic Records Still Not Recognized?, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-are-jim-thorpes-olympic-records-still-not-recognized-130986336/.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 17: Homeland

  1. THE BIZARRE HISTORY OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY, Grunge, https://www.grunge.com/260171/the-bizarre-history-of-the-statue-of-liberty/.

  2. Black Tom 1916 Bombing, FBI, https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/black-tom-1916-bombing.

  3. During World War II, the U.S. Saw Italian-Americans as a Threat to Homeland Security, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/italian-americans-were-considered-enemy-aliens-world-war-ii-180962021/.

  4. Why America Targeted Italian-Americans During World War II, History,com, https://www.history.com/news/italian-american-internment-persecution-wwii#:~:text=Despite%20the%20persecution%20they%20endured,of%20Honor%20for%20their%20service.

  5. HOW ARSON INVESTIGATION HAS CHANGED, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/blog/how-arson-investigation-has-changed/.

  6. The Children Who Went Up In Smoke, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-children-who-went-up-in-smoke-172429802/.

  7. 11 CHILDREN DIE IN 4 HOME FIRES; WEATHER MAN'S CHRISTMAS GREETINGS TO TWO CITIES, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1945/12/26/archives/11-children-die-in-4-home-fires-weather-mans-christmas-greetings-to.html.

  8. Mystery of Missing Children Haunts W.Va. Town, NPR, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5067563.

  9. History of Italian Immigration, Mt. Holyoke, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~molna22a/classweb/politics/Italianhistory.html#facing.

  10. Ellis Island – Island of Hope and Tears, Legends of America, https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ellis-island/.

  11. Newton, Michael. The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes, (Checkmark Books, 2010).

  12. “Irving Berlin,” History.net https://www.historynet.com/irving-berlin.htm.

  13. “Statue of Liberty,” National Park Service,  https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/edouard-de-laboulaye.htm.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 16: Under the Weather

  1. “The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900.” NOAA 200th Feature Stories, 12 Dec. 2006, noaa.gov/magazine/galv_hurricane/welcome.html.

  2. “Benchmarks Archive” EARTH Magazine, Feb 2019, www.earthmagazine.org/benchmarks-archive.

  3. “Blown Away: Galveston Hurricane, 1900” HistoryNet, 27 Aug. 2020, www.historynet.com/blown-away.htm.

  4. “Galveston Storm of 1900” National Weather Service Heritage, vlab.ncep.noaa.gov/web/nws-heritage/-/galveston-storm-of-1900.

  5. Erik LArson. Isaac's Storm: a Man, a Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History. Vintage Books, 2000.

  6. “The Schoolhouse Blizzard of 1888.” Black Hills Visitor Magazine, Oct 2017, blackhillsvisitor.com/learn/the-schoolhouse-blizzard-of-1888/.

  7. “'They Would Get Killed': The Weather Forecast That Saved Apollo 11” , The Washington Post, 22 July 2019, www.washingtonpost.com%2Fweather%2F2019%2F07%2F18%2Fweather-forecast-that-saved-apollo%2F. 

  8. “125 years ago, deadly ‘Children’s Blizzard’ blasted Minnesota,” The Minnesota Post, https://www.minnpost.com/minnesota-history/2013/01/125-years-ago-deadly-children-s-blizzard-blasted-minnesota/.

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Episode 15: Courage

  1. “A Strike for Freedom,” Detroit Free Press, December 17, 1893.

  2. “A Strike for Freedom”; “A Rebel Steamer Run Away With,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 19, 1862.

  3. Blassingame, John W. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. (Louisiana State University Press, 2009).

  4. “Bombardment of Fort Sumter!” Charleston Mercury, April 13, 1861.

  5. “Capt. Robert Smalls Addresses the General Conference of 1864, Daniel A. Payne, Presiding,” The A.M.E. Church Review 70 (1955).

  6. Civil War hero Robert Smalls seized the opportunity to be free, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/civil-war-hero-robert-smalls-seized-the-opportunity-to-be-free/2012/02/23/gIQAcGBtmR_story.html

  7. Colonel Tye, Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People, https://blackloyalist.com/cdc/people/secular/tye.htm

  8. Lineberry, Cate. Be Free or Die: the Amazing Story of Robert Smalls' Escape from Slavery to Union Hero. (Picador, 2018).

  9. Guthrie James M., Camp-Fires of the Afro-American (Philadelphia: Afro-American, 1899).

  10. Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, January 25, 1865.

  11. Miller, Edward A. Gullah Statesman: Robert Smalls from Slavery to Congress, 1839-1915. (University Of South Carolina Press, 2008).

  12. Powers, Bernard Edward. Black Charlestonians: a Social History, 1822-1885. (University of Arkansas Press, 1994).

  13. Robert Smalls Biography, Biography, https://www.biography.com/political-figure/robert-smalls

  14. Robert Smalls, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/people/robert-smalls.htm

  15. Robert Smalls, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, https://freedomcenter.org/content/robert-smalls

  16. Robert Smalls, American Battlefield Trust, https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/robert-smalls

  17. “Robert Small Commanding His Own Vessel,” Evening Post (New York, NY), December 14, 1863.

  18. “Speech of Hon. Morrow B. Lowry, of Erie,” The Liberator, February 3, 1865.

  19. “Steadman [sic] and Fullerton Tour,” New York Tribune, June 7, 1866; “The Bureau,” New York Herald, June 2, 1866.

  20. “The Deed of a Slave,” Plaindealer (Topeka, KS), October 23, 1903.

  21. “The Escape of the Steamer Planter to the Enemy’s Fleet,” Charleston Daily Courier, May 14, 1862.

  22. The Shaw Memorial, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/saga/learn/historyculture/the-shaw-memorial.htm

  23. “The Steamer Planter,” New York Times, August 15, 1862.

  24. The Thrilling Tale of How Robert Smalls Seized a Confederate Ship and Sailed it to Freedom, Smithsonian, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/thrilling-tale-how-robert-smalls-heroically-sailed-stolen-confederate-ship-freedom-180963689/

  25.  W. B. McKee to Wade Hampton, no date, Records of Governor Wade Hampton III, Letters Received and Sent, 1876–78, S 519009, box 14, folder 14, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia.

  26. Which Slave Sailed Himself to Freedom?, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/which-slave-sailed-himself-to-freedom/

  27. 1740 Slave Code of South Carolina, Duhaime.org, http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-1494/1740-Slave-Code-of-South-Carolina.aspx

  28. The 54th Massachusetts Infantry, History.com, https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-54th-massachusetts-infantry

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 14: Insurrection

  1. Cecelski, David S., and Timothy B. Tyson. Democracy Betrayed: the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy, (The University of North Carolina Press, 2000).

  2. How The Only Coup D'Etat In U.S. History Unfolded, NPR, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93615391

  3. Killers' Confession, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/till-killers-confession/

  4. Kirk, J. Allen. A Statement of Facts Concerning the Bloody Riot in Wilmington, N.C. of Interest to Every Citizen of the United States. (1898).

  5. Manly, Alexander. “Alexander Manly’s Editorial.” The Record, 18 Aug. 1898.

  6. Prather, H. Leon. We Have Taken a City: the Wilmington Racial Massacre and Coup of 1898. Dram Tree Books, 2006.

  7. The Battle of Liberty Place, 64Parishes, https://64parishes.org/entry/the-battle-of-liberty-place

  8. The Lost History of an American Coup D’État, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/wilmington-massacre/536457/

  9. Zucchino, David. WILMINGTON'S LIE: the Murderous Coup of 1898 and the Rise of White Supremacy. (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2020).

  10. “Fidel Castro claimed he lived on £20 a month but had luxury homes and mistresses galore,” The Daily Mail, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3977050/100-million-bed-hopping-hypocrite-claimed-lived-20-month-Fidel-Castro-20-luxury-homes-private-island-88ft-yacht-mistresses-galore.html

  11. “Fidel Castro,” History, March 4, 2020 https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fidel-castro

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 13: On the Trail

  1. David Grann. Killers of the Flower Moon: the Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI. Random House Large Print, 2017.

  2. “Frances Glessner Lee: The Mother of Forensic Science.” A&E, 6 July 2020, www.aetv.com/real-crime/frances-glessner-lee-the-mother-of-forensic-science. 

  3. “In Little Crow's Wake, Horrors for the Dakota.” Minnesota Star Tribune, 16 Aug. 2012, www.startribune.com/in-little-crow-s-wake-horrors-for-the-dakota/166163736/.

  4. “In The 1920s, A Community Conspired To Kill Native Americans For Their Oil Money.” NPR, National Public Radio, 17 Apr. 2017, www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523964584/in-the-1920s-a-community-conspired-to-kill-native-americans-for-their-oil-money.

  5. “Killers of the Flower Moon by David Grann - Reading Guide: 9780307742483 - PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books.” PenguinRandomhouse.com, Knopf, www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/208562/killers-of-the-flower-moon-by-david-grann/9780307742483/readers-guide/.

  6. “Murder Is Her Hobby: Frances Glessner Lee and The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death.” Smithsonian American Art Museum, americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/nutshells.

  7. “NDepth: Greed, Collusion Lead to Osage Murders.” NewsOK.com, The Oklahoman, 12 Jan. 2014, oklahoman.com/special/article/3921909/ndepth-greed-collusion-lead-to-osage-murders.

  8. “Remembering the Dakota War: After the Hangings, More Suffering and Deaths.” Mankato Free Press, 2 Sept. 2014, www.mankatofreepress.com/news/local_news/remembering-the-dakota-war-after-the-hangings-more-suffering-and-deaths/article_c2374419-8ab6-5645-b789-0846668cbbaa.html.

  9. “The Osage ‘Reign of Terror’ Murder Trials: An Account.” Famous Trials, University of Missouri-Kansas City, www.famous-trials.com/osage-home/2378-the-osage-reign-of-terror-murder-trials-an-account.

  10. “The Traumatic True History and Name List of the Dakota 38.” Indian Country Today, indiancountrytoday.com/archive/the-traumatic-true-history-and-name-list-of-the-dakota-38-3awsx1BAdU2v_KWM81RomQ.  

  11. “The Woman Who Invented Forensics Training with Doll Houses.” The New Yorker, 5 Nov. 2017, www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-woman-who-invented-forensics-training-with-doll-houses.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 12: Dead Ends

  1. “6 Things You May Not Know About Butch Cassidy.” History.com, https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-might-not-know-about-butch-cassidy 

  2. Allen, James. Narrative of the Life of James Allen, Alias George Walton, Alias Jonas Pierce, Alias James H. York, Alias Burley Grove, the Highwayman: Being His Death-Bed Confession, to the Warden of the Massachusetts State Prison. Harrington, 1837.

  3. “An Audincourtois discovered the Montbeliard origins of George Parrot.” L’Est Repiublican,  05 Aug. 2019, https://www.estrepublicain.fr/edition-belfort-hericourt-montbeliard/2019/08/05/un-audincourtois-a-decouvert-les-origines-montbeliardaises-de-george-Parrott

  4. “Big Nose George: A Grisly Frontier Tale.” WyoHistory.org, 15 Nov. 2014, https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/big-nose-george-grisly-frontier-tale

  5. “'Big Nose' George.” Star Tribune, 29 Oct 2011, https://trib.com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/big-nose-george/article_7cdc89a1-153d-5e69-b399-7c8844b525b1.html

  6. “Butch Cassidy & the Wild Bunch.” Legends of America, Apr. 2002, https://www.legendsofamerica.com/butch-cassidy/

  7. “James Younger Gang Facts, information and articles about the James Younger Gang, famous outlaws from the Wild West.” HistoryNet, https://www.historynet.com/james-younger-gang  

  8. “Meet Big Nose George, The Wild West Outlaw Who Was Killed And Turned Into Shoes.” All That’s Interesting, 30 Jan. 2018, https://allthatsinteresting.com/big-nose-george

  9. “The Wild West era, a period of myth-making cowboys, gunslingers, and saloon madames, actually lasted only 30 years.” The Vintage News, 31 Dec. 2017, https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/12/31/wild-west-era-2/ 

  10. Wilson, Gary A. Outlaw Tales of Montana: True Stories of Notorious Montana Bandits, Culprits, and Crooks. Two-Dot, 2003.

  11. Wilson, Gary A. Outlaw Tales of Montana: True Stories of the Treasure State's Most Infamous Crooks, Culprits, and Cutthroats. TwoDot, 2012.

  12. “Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid: The True Story of the Famous Outlaws,” Biography, https://www.biography.com/news/butch-cassidy-sundance-kid-real-story

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 11: Containment

  1. Brilliant, Lawrence B. 1985. The Management of Smallpox Eradication in India. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

  2. Calef, Robert, More Wonders of the Invisible World: Or The Wonders of the Invisible World Displayed. In Five Parts, (Salem: Reprinted by John D. and T. C. Cushing, Jr. for Cushing and Appleton, 1823).

  3. Coss, Stephen. The Fever of 1721: the Epidemic That Revolutionized Medicine and American Politics. (Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, and Imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc., 2017).

  4. Fenner, F., D. A. Henderon, I. Arita, Z. Jezek, and I. D. Ladnyi. 1988. Smallpox and Its Eradication. Geneva: World Health Organization.

  5. Glynn, Ian, and Jenifer Glynn. The Life and Death of Smallpox. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005.

  6. “History of Smallpox.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Aug. 2016, www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html.

  7. Hopkins, Jack W. 1989. The Eradication of Smallpox: Organizational Learning and Innovation in International Health. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

  8. “How a Public Health Crisis Nearly Derailed the American Revolution.” How a Smallpox Epidemic Nearly Derailed the American Revolution, 16 Apr. 2020, www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/04/george-washington-beat-smallpox-epidemic-with-controversial-inoculations/.

  9. “How the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic Changed Medicine, Launched a Free Press and Helped Win the American Revolution.” The World from PRX, 24 Sept. 2016, www.pri.org/stories/2016-09-24/how-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic-changed-medicine-launched-free-press-and-helped.

  10. “How George Washington Used Vaccines to Help Win the Revolutionary War.” RealClearScience, 25 Sept. 2016, www.realclearscience.com/blog/2016/09/how_vaccination_helped_win_the_revolutionary_war.html.

  11. Kelly, M.D., Howard A Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography: Comprising the Lives of Eminent Deceased Physicians and Surgeons 1610-1910, (The Norman, Remington Company, 1912).

  12. Mather, C., & Jones, G. (1972). The angel of Bethesda: An essay upon the common maladies of mankind. Barre, Mass. (EE.UU.): American Antiquarian Society and Barre.

  13. Mather, Cotton, Memorable Providences, Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions, (Printed at Boston in N. England: by R.P., 1689, sold by Joseph Brunning, 1689).

  14. Minardi, Margot. “The Boston Inoculation Controversy of 1721-1722: An Incident in the History of Race.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 1, 2004, pp. 47–76. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3491675.

  15. “Smallpox.” George Washington's Mount Vernon, www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/smallpox/.

  16. “Smallpox: The World's First Eradicated Disease.” LiveScience, Purch, 23 Apr. 2019, www.livescience.com/65304-smallpox.html.

  17. “Smallpox.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 13 May 2020, www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/.

  18. “The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic.” Science in the News, 30 Oct. 2018, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious-disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic/.

  19. “The Last 'Witch' Executed in Boston Was an Irish Speaker.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 24 Oct. 2016, www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/the-last-witch-executed-in-boston-was-an-irish-speaker-1.2827182.

  20. “The Myth That Goodwife Glover, the Irish Woman Executed for Witchcraft in Boston in 1688, Was an...” Medium, Medium, 27 Apr. 2019, medium.com/@Limerick1914/the-murder-of-goodwife-glover-in-boston-and-the-politicisation-of-her-death-two-centuries-later-via-90ab171fe576.

  21. “Tracing Smallpox Through the Burying Grounds.”  Historic Burying Grounds Initiative Newsletter Preserving Boston’s 16 Historic Burying Grounds, Spring 2015

  22. Volume 4 Edition 1,  https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/document_files/2016/12/hbgi_spring_2015_newsletter.pdf

  23. “WHO Commemorates the 40th Anniversary of Smallpox Eradication.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-12-2019-who-commemorates-the-40th-anniversary-of-smallpox-eradication.

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Episode 10: Unsung

  1. Nathaniel Soley Benton, History of Herkimer County Including the Upper Mohawk Valley (Munsell, 1856).

  2. Edwin G. Burrows, Forgotten Patriots: the Untold Story of American Prisoners during the Revolutionary War (Basic Books, 2010). 

  3. Robert E. Cray, “Commemorating the Prison Ship Dead: Revolutionary Memory and the Politics of Sepulture in the Early Republic, 1776-1808,” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 56, no. 3, (1999), pp. 565–590.

  4. Danske Dandridge, American Prisoners of the Revolution (The Michie Company Printers, 1911).

  5. Christopher Hawkins, The Life and Adventures of Christopher Hawkins, a Prisoner on Board the "Old Jersey" Prison Ship during the War of the Revolution (Printed for the Holland Club, 1858). 

  6. Betsy Knight, “Prisoner Exchange and Parole in the American Revolution,” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 2, (1991), pp. 201–222.

  7. George Taylor, Martys to the Revolution in the British Prison-Ships in the Wallabout Bay (W.H. Arthur & Co., Stationers, 1855). 

  8. “The Appalling Way the British Tried to Recruit Americans Away from Revolt,” History.com, 31 Jan. 2020, www.history.com/news/british-prison-ships-american-revolution-hms-jersey.

  9. “The HMS Jersey.” History.com, 19 March 2010, www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/the-hms-jersey. 

  10. “Hell in the Harbor - Death on Board the HMS Jersey,” Founder of the Day, 12 June 2019, www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/hms-jersey. 

  11. “The Sunken History of This Revolutionary War 'Ghost Ship',” New York Post, 25 Aug. 2017, nypost.com/2017/08/24/the-sunken-history-of-this-revolutionary-war-ghost-ship/. 

  12. “The Grisly History of Brooklyn's Revolutionary War Martyrs,” Smithsonian.com, 13 Mar. 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/grisly-history-brooklyns-revolutionary-war-martyrs-180962508/. 

  13. “‘Rebels, Turn Out Your Dead!," AMERICAN HERITAGE, 1 Sept. 2020, www.americanheritage.com/rebels-turn-out-your-dead. 

  14. Watson, Robert P. The Ghost Ship of Brooklyn: an Untold Story of the American Revolution (Da Capo Press, 2017).

  15. “Elisha Benton (1748-1777) - Find A Grave Memorial,” Find a Grave, www.findagrave.com/memorial/65207514/elisha-benton. 

  16. “Genealogy,” Tolland Historical Society, date unknown, tollandhistorical.org/geneology/. 

  17. “Ghost Stories Live On In Historic Home,” Courant.com, Hartford Courant, 31 Oct. 2019, www.courant.com/community/tolland/hc-rr-tolland-benton-homestead-ghost-stories-1107-20191031-a2j4qlol35hn3bxa7lj5cux2hq-story.html.

  18. “Privateering in the American Revolution and the War of 1812,” Battlefields, https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/militia-sea.

  19. Daniel Benton Homestead, Occult World, date unknown, https://occult-world.com/daniel-benton-homestead.

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Episode 9: In the Flesh

  1. Michael Sappol. A Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-Century America. Princeton University Press, 2004.

  2. Suzanne M. Shultz. Body Snatching: the Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America. McFarland & Co., 2005.

  3. “Dead and Disappearing in Medical School.” Owlcation, Owlcation, 6 Jan. 2017, owlcation.com/humanities/Body-Snatching-in-Baltimore-A-Success-Story.

  4. “Med School Owes Its Existence To Many Bodies of Knowledge.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 3 Dec. 2006, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2006/12/03/med-school-owes-its-existence-to-many-bodies-of-knowledge/2bfdf26b-0956-4007-9458-859f60642cc5/.

  5. “19th Century Mummified Half-Head.” Ripley's Believe It or Not!, 21 Apr. 2020, www.ripleys.com/weird-news/mummified-half-head.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 8: Durable

  1. Blum, Deborah. The Poisoner's Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York. Penguin Press, 2010.

  2. Peck, Garrett. Prohibition in Washington, D.C.: How Dry We Weren't. History Press, 2011.

  3. “Alcohol Prohibition Was a Failure.” Cato Institute, 3 Apr. 2020, www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/alcohol-prohibition-was-failure.

  4. “The Day It Poured .” The Washington Post, 27 Feb. 1994.

  5. “The Durable Mike Malloy.” Nydailynews.com, New York Daily News, 12 Jan. 2019, www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/durable-mike-malloy-article-1.226396.

  6. “The History of Poisoned Alcohol Includes an Unlikely Culprit: The U.S. Government.” Time Magazine, Time, 14 Jan. 2015, https://time.com/3665643/deadly-drinking/.

  7. “The Incredible Story of 'Durable' Mike Malloy - a Donegal Man Living in New York Who Simply Refused to Die.” The Irish Post, The Irish Post, 30 July 2019, www.irishpost.com/life-style/incredible-story-durable-mike-malloy-donegal-man-living-new-york-simply-refused-die-169395.

  8. “The Little-Told Story of How the U.S. Government Poisoned Alcohol During Prohibition.” Slate Magazine, Slate, 19 Feb. 2010, slate.com/technology/2010/02/the-little-told-story-of-how-the-u-s-government-poisoned-alcohol-during-prohibition.html.

  9. “The Man Who Wouldn't Die.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 7 Feb. 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-wouldnt-die-89417903/.

  10. “Prohibition Life: Politics, Loopholes And Bathtub Gin.” NPR, NPR, 10 May 2010, www.npr.org/transcripts/126613316.

  11. “When Justice Triumphed .” The New York Daily News, 29 Oct. 1933.

  12. “Why Americans Supported Prohibition 100 Years Ago.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 17 Jan. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/01/17/opinion/prohibition-anniversary-100.html

  13. “Why Prohibition?” The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences Department of History, 2020, https://prohibition.osu.edu/why-prohibition. 

  14. The Curious Case Of Michael Malloy – “Rasputin Of The Bronx” All That’s Interesting, https://allthatsinteresting.com/michael-malloy

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Episode 7: Prophet Over People

  1. Earl Wesley Fornell, The Unhappy Medium: Spiritualism and the Life of Margaret Fox (University of Texas Press, 2014).

  2. Francis D Nichol, “The Growth of the Millerite Legend,” Church History, doi:10.2307/3161671.

  3. Robert Damon Schneck, Mrs. Wakeman vs. the Antichrist: and Other Strange-but-True Tales from American History (Tarcher, 2015).

  4. “Is It a Cult, or a New Religious Movement?” Penn Today, 29 Aug. 2019, penntoday.upenn.edu/news/it-cult-or-new-religious-movement.

  5. “Millerites Await End of the World,” American Optical Celebrates 150th Anniversary, www.massmoments.org/moment-details/millerites-await-end-of-the-world.html#:~:text=Many%20%22Millerites%22%20sold%20all%20their,in%20an%20all%2Dconsuming%20fire.&text=On%20October%2022nd%2C%20the,speed%20their%20ascension%20into%20heaven.

  6. “Public Universal Friend,” Throughline by NPR, NPR, 5 Mar. 2020, www.npr.org/transcripts/812092399.

  7. “The Prophet Matthias,” Murder by Gaslight, www.murderbygaslight.com/2010/07/prophet-matthias.html.

  8. “The Prophet Matthias and Elijah the Tishbite,” New York Almanack, 17 Mar. 2020, www.newyorkalmanack.com/2019/12/westchester-the-prophet-matthias-and-elijah-the-tishbite.

  9. “What Makes a Cult?” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 27 May 2009, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/may/27/cults-definition-religion.

  10. “William Miller,” Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church, Christian History, 8 Aug. 2008, www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/denominationalfounders/william-miller.html.

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Aaron Mahnke Aaron Mahnke

Episode 6: Seeds of Change

  1. Barbara Tuthill, “Hatfield the Rainmaker,” Western Folklore, vol. 13, no. 2/3, 1954, p. 107.

  2. Cynthia Barnett, Rain: a Natural and Cultural History (Broadway Books, 2016).

  3. Garry Jenkins, The Wizard of Sun City: the Strange True Story of Charles Hatfield, the Rainmaker Who Drowned a City's Dreams (Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005).

  4. James Rodger Fleming. “The Pathological History of Weather and Climate Modification: Three Cycles of Promise and Hype,” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, vol. 37, no. 1, 2006, pp. 3–25.

  5. “Weather Control.” SFE: The Science Fiction Encyclopedia, www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/weather_control.

  6. “When San Diego Hired a Rainmaker a Century Ago, It Poured,” JSTOR Daily, 12 Dec. 2015, daily.jstor.org/charles-hatfield-rainmaker.

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